DIABETES MELLITUS

DIABETES MELLITUS

Definition

A set of symptoms that arise in a person because an increase sugar level in blood caused of a decrease of insulin hormone that produced by the pancreas gland.

Classification

1. Type I diabetes

The pancreas does not produce insulin, often occurs in children, can also occur in adults. Patients with type 1 diabetes must receive insulin every day so that glucose can enter the cell.

2. Type II diabetes

The pancreas still produces insulin, but the cells do not respond to insulin, called insulin resistance. It can also be             due to the pancreas secrete insulin that is too little, so it does not meet the body's needs.

3.      Gestational Diabetes: Diabetes in pregnant women

4.      Another type of diabetes : Diabetes due to infection, chemicals, genetic damage, hormonal damage

Etiology

1. Type I diabetes:

            a. Genetic Factors

            b. factors Immunology

            c. Environmental Factors

2. Type II diabetes is not known with certainty. However there are some risk factors as follows :

Risk Factor

1. Family history of DM

2. Less physical activity

3. Obesity / overweight

4. Age over 40 years

5. Hypertension / high blood pressure

6. Race (asia america, asia india)

7. History of recurrent miscarriage

8. A history of having a baby with BB> 4 Kg

9. high cholestero

Clinical Manifestation

1. Polyuria

2. Polidipsi

3. Polipagia

4. Drastic weight loss of unknown    

    cause

Management

1. Education

2. Meal planning

3. Physical exercise

4. Drugs and insulin

5. Chiropody